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Orchitis

 MUMPS ORCHITIS
Roughly 30%-40% of patients with mumps do not develop parotitis. Mumps is a paramyxovirus RNA virus which has a  human reservoir and is spread by direct contact, fomites contaminated by saliva, airborne droplets and possibly by urine.  (1) . Immunoassay testings shows IgM antibodies are detectable in the first few days of the illness and are considered diagnostic. In addition, seroconversion or a fourfold increase in IgG titre are also diagnostic. (1,2) Most cases are in patients >15yrs age and is rarely seen in children due to vaccination.

Orchitis affects about 20%-30% of mumps cases (3) and  10%-30% are bilateral. (2) Orchitis usually occurs 1-2 weeks after parotitis with 30%-50 % show a degree of testicular atrophy.  Treatment is supportive (bed rest, scrotal support, and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents).  Steroid administration helps in diminishing pain and oedema, but it does not alter the clinical course of the disease or prevent future complications.
  1. Masarani, M., H. Wazait, and M. Dinneen. "Mumps orchitis." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 99.11 (2006): 573-575.
  2. Berhrman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 17th edn. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2004
  3. Bartak V. Sperm count, morphology, and motility after unilateral mumps orchitis. J Reprod Fertil 1973;32: 491-3
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